Great read, thanks OP.
In a prior life I ran a very large technology organization with team members in 60 countries. One thing I found frequently was that people from countries like China, Taiwan, India were excellent when given a specific task and specific direction, but struggled with finding creative solutions to problems - even at senior levels. Like any generalization this is not true for everyone, but it was on average the case. Contrast with American and Western European workers who on average needed less specific direction.
I worry our focus purely on standardized scores as a measure of student achievement will lead to the same problem here…namely that students won’t have the creative and entrepreneurial skills required to discover society’s next advancements. IMO we should not be holding up China as a paragon of learning. Rather we should understand that one of the things that makes America great is (was??) our ability to team effectively, to think out of the box and to innovate.