Yes and no. I have replaced burned out elements and while doing so cleaned the sediment out of the bottom. I've also put an electric powered anode in a water heater as a replacement for the standard solid aluminum/zinc rod. Not sure how it worked, I sold the house a year after installing it.
Truth is, there's not a lot you can do extend the life of a standard steel WH. It's constantly being filled with water that has dissolved oxygen and minerals in it that over time corrode the tank. I've seen some newer water heaters made of fiberglass or a composite material that may last forever; IDK that much about them.
Interestingly, (or not) water heaters and boilers in closed loop heating systems rarely experience corrosion issues. There's no new water entering the system full of O2 or electrolytes to promote corrosion.