You won't find me disagreeing with any of the above.You could drive an 18-wheeler through the loopholes back in the very high marginal rate days. The 1986 tax reform lowered the marginal rate significantly, but also closed a lot of loopholes. There are still loopholes. The problem is that politicians want loopholes. They like to use the tax law to reward, punish, and incentivize certain behaviors. It would be a much better system if it were just a straight-forward system to pay for what is needed.
It's a system engineered to benefit certain folks while giving others lip service. On top of that, top notch tax accountants will always find ways to manipulate the rules and create loopholes where none were intended, as suchtax policy has to continuously be updated to thwart these avoidance techniques rather than folks applauding the 'ingenuity' of tax dodgers.