America has always dealt with wannabe dictators. The two party system just blurs the lines.
Abolishing Civil Liberties
Another of Mises’s claims is that the Marxists of his day were for freedom of the press “as long as they were not the ruling party” (Mises 1983, p. 44). Once in power, “they did nothing more quickly than set these freedoms aside.” In the case of US history, some of the very same members of the founding generation who voted for the Bill of Rights, including the First Amendment protection of freedom of speech, once in power supported the Federalist Party’s Sedition Act (Miller 1951) that essentially banned freedom of political speech by making it a crime to tell a “falsehood” critical of the Adams administration. Of course, the government’s own judges, some appointed by John Adams himself, would determine what a falsehood consisted of.
Dozens of pro-Jefferson newspaper editors were imprisoned, as was Vermont congressman Matthew Lyon, a Jefferson supporter. Congressman Lyon’s “crime” was describing the Adams administration as filled with “ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation” of Adams. One David Brown of Massachusetts was given an eighteen-month sentence for erecting a liberty pole in his town that had a sign that read “Peace and Retirement to the President, Long Live the Vice President” (namely, Jefferson). The Sedition Act was written so that it would expire on the day that John Adams left office so that it could not be used in this way against the Federalist Party. In this regard, the European Marxists of Mises’s day were no different from John Adams’s Federalist Party.
Some sixty years later, Lincoln would become the biggest enemy of civil liberties of all American presidents, having illegally suspended the writ of habeas corpus and mass arrested tens of thousands of political dissenters in the Northern states during the war, shutting down opposition newspapers, intimidating judges, censoring the telegraph, deporting Congressman Clement Vallandigham, and more. Lincoln, like all presidents, had taken oath to preserve, protect, and defend the US Constitution against all enemies, not to becomeone of the enemies.
The 1918 Sedition Act (Stone 2004) was enacted during World War I and used to imprison war opponents such as Eugene Debs, the Socialist Party presidential candidate, for publicly voicing opposition to the war. The act outlawed “interfering with the war effort” and resulted in over a thousand prosecutions with prison sentences of five to twenty years according to the statute. The mail was censored by the US Postal Service, which searched for letters critical of US military intervention. Like Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson had taken a solemn oath to preserve, protect, and defend the US Constitution against all enemies, not to become one of the enemies.
The rounding up of more than a hundred thousand Japanese Americans and forcing them to live in concentration camps for the duration of World War II by a Franklin D. Roosevelt executive order was another gross violation of civil liberties by an American politician who had previously sworn an oath to defend and protect those same liberties.
As with the European Marxists that Mises wrote about, Americans have a long history of politicians who praise freedom of speech with their rhetoric while attacking and censoring it with their actions once in power.