Occam’s razor is a conservative mental model, which may prevent you from exploring complex but interesting solutions. While theorists may thrive for mathematical beauty, it makes no sense to go for the most elegant solution when trying to figure out a real-life problem.
The biggest mistake people make with this mental model is to assume it reasonable to transpose a philosophico-scientific principle to messy day-to-day challenges. It may also be used as a way to gloss over complex but crucial components in an argument, thus falling prey to confirmation bias—our natural tendency to interpret information in a way that affirms our prior hypotheses.
Occam’s razor may be useful in very specific scientific settings. For example, doctors use a version of it—“when you hear hoofbeats, think horses, not zebras”—to ensure they go for the simplest diagnosis to explain their patient’s symptoms. And even this approach
has been criticised by researchers.
But for most of us, there are stronger, more applicable alternative
strategies. They do require more work, but as we said: the world is not simple.