Mark Galeotti, a UK-based Russian security analyst, said Russia is likely to participate in talks “because they don’t want to be seen not to.” But with Russia making slow but steady progress on the battlefield and Putin seemingly unconcerned by the astronomically high number of casualties nor the
growing damage to his country’s economy, there may be little incentive to stop. “Putin seems to feel he’s winning,” said Galeotti. “Why would he compromise?”
Franz-Stefan Gady, an Austrian military analyst who travels frequently to the battlefront in Ukraine, believes that until the front lines are stabilized in Ukraine, “any discussion regarding a potential ceasefire is academic.” In Gady’s view, this stabilization will require Ukraine to address its
well-documented manpower shortage. Experts like Gady say Ukrainian forces are
dangerously thin at the front. The Ukrainian military is also
struggling with desertions and low morale, and due to the government’s reluctance to draft young people into combat roles, the
average age of its troops is around 40. “This is not something the Trump administration really has any say in,” Gady said.
Despite these complications, some argue that it’s time to at least test the waters to see if a potential deal can be found. There haven’t been serious talks aimed at ending the fighting
since a round of negotiations in Istanbul in early 2022, during the first months of the war.
The RAND Corporation’s Samuel Charap,
an advocate for resuming peace talks, told Vox that the Russians “cannot achieve their objectives through the battlefield alone, because their objectives are fundamentally political, unless they can oust the [Ukraine] government by force. I think they’ve come to grips with the reality that this is a very low probability outcome.”
In light of this, he argues “a lot of people assume that [the Russians] aren’t willing to negotiate without having actually tested the proposition.”
What would a deal actually look like?
Ceding any territory to Russia, even if it’s on a temporary basis, and even if Ukraine and the international community
do not formally recognize Russia’s control, would be a painful concession for Ukraine, if nothing else because of the reports of
bleak human rights conditions and
efforts to indoctrinate children in Russian-controlled areas.
But as Zelenskyy’s recent statements have indicated, the bigger concern is making sure Russia can’t simply rest and recover, then invade again, taking even more territory. Only a more permanent peace could prevent that. “A ceasefire is great from the Russians’ point of view, because it allows them to regroup their forces, and it gives them the initiative,” Galeotti said. “The Ukrainians are not going to be the ones to break the ceasefire if it’s Trump’s ceasefire, but that means they will never know if it’s going to be a day, a week or, a year, before Putin restarts the war.”
The topic of “security guarantees” makes many Ukrainians bristle. “We’ve already been through all this before,” Oleksandra Ustinova, a Ukrainian member of parliament, told reporters during a recent visit to Washington. She pointed to the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, in which Ukraine agreed to give up the nuclear weapons left on its territory after the Soviet collapse in exchange for guarantees from Russia, the US, and other countries that its sovereignty would be respected.
More recently were the 2014 and 2015 Minsk Agreements, which aimed to bring an end to the fighting after Russia’s initial invasion of Ukrainian territory in 2014, but those agreements collapsed decisively in 2022 after years of violations.
“I cannot imagine our parliament voting for some big deal, if they believe that [the Russians] will be back in a few months, or in a few years, being much stronger,” said Ustinova.
The Ukrainians have always been clear about the security guarantee they want: full membership in NATO. This is what Zelenskyy said in his recent remarks could end the “
hot phase” of the war.
NATO members are protected by Article 5 of the alliance’s charter, which states that an attack on one is an attack on all. In other words, if Russia went to war with Ukraine again, he’d be going to war with all the alliance’s members, including the United States, and they would be treaty-bound to defend it.
In many ways, the war in Ukraine has been a demonstration of the value of NATO membership: Russia has refrained from any attacks on NATO countries like Poland, despite billions of dollars worth of weaponry from NATO countries flowing over its border into Ukraine, where they are then used to kill Russian forces. Putin may not respect international law, but so far he has shown he respects Article 5.
Ukraine was promised eventual
NATO membership back in 2008, under heavy lobbying from the George W. Bush administration, albeit without any firm commitments about when it would happen. At their 2024 summit, NATO members agreed that Ukraine was on an “
irreversible path” to joining.
That might sound like a sure thing, but in reality, Ukraine is almost certainly not going to be admitted to NATO any time soon. This would likely have been the case had Kamala Harris won the election, but it’s even more so now. Trump has expressed sympathy for Russia’s position that Ukraine should not be
admitted to the alliance. Other NATO governments
are skeptical as well. And given that preventing Ukraine from joining NATO is a significant part of the reason Putin wants to oust its government, it’s hard to imagine he would go along with a ceasefire deal that included Article 5 guarantees for Kyiv.
So the real question is: Could Ukraine receive some meaningful assurances outside the NATO framework? Zelenskyy recently said that the only way security guarantees could work is
if the US provides them. The US has mutual defense treaties with several non-NATO countries, like Japan and the Philippines, but if there’s one thing that’s predictable about Trump’s
often unpredictable foreign policy, it’s his skepticism of binding treaties like these.
There’s also the EU: Though primarily a political and economic alliance, the European Union’s charter also obliges countries to come to the aid of fellow members that are the “
victim of armed aggression.” Ukraine has been formally
approved as a candidate for membership, but is likely years from actually joining.
Some have argued that security guarantees could be provided by an all-European “
coalition of the resolute”: This could include some combination of Poland and the Baltic countries, which have often
pushed further than their Western European counterparts in their support for Ukraine. The United Kingdom and France, which have the military budgets (and nuclear weapons) to back them up, are also possibilities. The French government, in particular, has been keen on discussing the
idea of deploying peacekeepers to Ukraine, though any such force would function mostly as a tripwire to deter Putin from taking on a Western military, even if it is in a non-NATO country.
cont...