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Somehow I Don't Believe Richie Cunningham Brought a Rifle to School...

Is DeSantis correct on this? Maybe on a gun rack? The 1940's and 50's were before the NRA started the "guns everywhere for everyone" agenda.

“Back in like the forties and fifties, kids used to go to school and bring a rifle. I mean, yeah, I mean, like they would do that. And so, you know, it’s like you didn’t have this happening then when literally they’re bringing this to school."

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Iowa City’s electric buses struggle with winter weather - Another major flop

“Anything below 20 degrees, especially when it gets 0 or colder, they’ll have between a 39 and 45 percent reduction in their capacity to hold energy.”​

Bitterly cold weather can take a toll on vehicles. But electric vehicles are especially susceptible to winter.

According to AAA, all vehicles struggle to perform to the best of their ability when it’s cold outside.

And one local expert says electric vehicles are especially susceptible to under-performance in low temperatures.

“Anything below 20 degrees, especially when it gets 0 or colder, they’ll have between a 39 and 45 percent reduction in their capacity to hold energy.” said Alan Makabi with Cedar Rapids Toyota.

Nakabi says one of the biggest issues is the battery’s inability to hold a full charge when it’s cold. But another big factor is drivers using energy on other tasks aside from driving.

“People have their defrost on high, they use their seat heaters typically, and they’re trying to warm the cabin up as fast as they can. And many people go on very short trips, this is what really eats up the battery.” said Makabi.

Owners of electric vehicles might have to adjust their charging habits in the cold.

But the problem is compounded for those who manage electric vehicles for public transit.

Like Iowa City, which has four electric buses.

It’s just a real challenge for an electric bus to keep the bus itself heated. The heater is a huge drain on the battery. " said Mark Rummel, Iowa City Transportation Services Associate Director.

Typically, the buses lose about 5 to 7 percent of their battery an hour, but during the cold, those numbers more than double.

That limited mileage means the had to get creative to keep routes covered.

“We’ll put an electric bus on a route that might be split during our peak times. So, in the morning, it may go out for a few hours, come back to base, then we can charge it for a few hours. And then it goes back out during the afternoon peak.” said Rummel.

Despite the seasonal challenges, Iowa City says it will continue investing in electric vehicles for public transit.

Unfortunately, Makabi says many of these issues are just in the nature of electric vehicles, but if you’re looking to save energy, he recommends checking tire pressure, removing any unnecessary bike racks or cargo, and keeping your car plugged in while heating up the cabin.


Kadyn Proctor explains commitment flip from Iowa to Alabama: 'I felt like I was settling'

Proctor’s commitment to Alabama came amid speculation of a lucrative NIL (name-image-likeness) deal the school put together to woo him. He said Wednesday that’s not what convinced him to flip his commitment to Alabama. He said it was about the resources Alabama had and the opportunities that playing for the Crimson Tide provided.

“It’s not about the money because if people knew about the money situation, they wouldn’t be talking about it,” Proctor said. “But I wanted to go play football at a prestigious school. (There’s) a lot of competition down there and ultimately it’s going to make me better.”

IOWA FOOTBALL

Kadyn Proctor explains commitment flip from Iowa to Alabama: 'I felt like I was settling'​

Tommy Birch
Hawk Central


Southeast Polk's Kadyn Proctor (74) plays against Cedar Rapids Prairie on Oct. 7 in Pleasant Hill.


At 7 a.m. Wednesday, two and a half hours before his signing day ceremony at Southeast Polk High School, Kadyn Proctor gathered with his mother and stepdad in their Altoona home to quietly but officially take the next step in his football career.
The letter of intent papers for Alabama arrived in the mail Tuesday. Proctor signed them, snapped some photos and fired off some texts to members of the coaching staff to let them know his commitment was a done deal.
“Then, I’m not going to lie, I went back to bed,” Proctor said with a smile.
Proctor could finally breathe a sigh of relief. The high school football star, one of the most coveted players in the nation, was now a part of the Crimson Tide program. The signature, the snapshots and the symbolic ceremony that took place later in the morning in front of friends, family and teammates in the Southeast Polk auditorium ended an eventful recruitment of the star offensive tackle.

“It’s been somewhat stressful,” his mother, Sarah Proctor-Perkins, said of the last few days.
It's been a wild ride for the 6-foot-7, 330-pound offensive lineman, who has long been heralded as one of the top players in the state and nation. He drew scholarship offers from seemingly all the big names, including Arkansas, Auburn, Florida, Nebraska, Notre Dame, Alabama, Oregon and Ole Miss.

Proctor, listed by 247Sports as a five-star recruit and the nation’s top offensive tackle, committed to Iowa back in June. He was viewed as a Day 1 starter and the biggest name in the Hawkeyes' 2023 recruiting class.
That didn’t stop teams from trying to change Proctor's mind. NFL Hall of Famer Deion Sanders, who recently took over the Colorado job, offered him a scholarship. Oregon was on hand to watch Proctor guide Southeast Polk to its second-straight state football title in November. Alabama coach Nick Saban visited him on one of the first days he could see recruits.
Proctor visited Alabama this past weekend and was finally swayed to flip his commitment and join the Crimson Tide.
“When I went down there and got to see everything that was laid out for me, I just thought it was a better opportunity for me,” Proctor said.
Here’s a look at some of the other major storylines surrounding Proctor’s change of heart.

Did NIL play a role in Proctor's decision to flip his commitment? He says no​

Proctor’s commitment to Alabama came amid speculation of a lucrative NIL (name-image-likeness) deal the school put together to woo him. He said Wednesday that’s not what convinced him to flip his commitment to Alabama. He said it was about the resources Alabama had and the opportunities that playing for the Crimson Tide provided.
“It’s not about the money because if people knew about the money situation, they wouldn’t be talking about it,” Proctor said. “But I wanted to go play football at a prestigious school. (There’s) a lot of competition down there and ultimately it’s going to make me better.”
Proctor conceded there was money involved, but he wouldn’t say how much Alabama was willing to shell out in NIL dollars to secure his services. Proctor's mother was adamant that things like dorms, team doctors and facilities played a bigger role in his decision to switch his commitment. She said her son was also swayed by the opportunity to play with athletes of his size right out of the gate and help him get to the NFL.
Proctor said Iowa was willing to pony up.
“I’m not getting paid that much (more) as Iowa was going to give me,” he said. “People didn’t know that. But everybody has opinions.”

Proctor says he would have been 'settling' by staying at Iowa​

Proctor said he informed Iowa’s coaching staff of his decision to decommit last week and hinted he had been mulling it over for a bit. He admitted that Iowa’s offensive struggles the last couple of years were part of his thought process but didn’t play a major role. In fact, he liked the idea of coming in and helping change a program. But he figured playing at Alabama could tap into more of his potential.
“I thought I was settling at Iowa and when I went down there (Alabama), I saw all the guys that are as big as me and have the same mindset as me and worked like me," he said. "That’s just what I wanted to do. I don’t want to come into this school and everybody thinks I’m one of the best players there already. I want to grow. That’s not how I grow. I’ve got to get hit in the mouth before I can grow. And I think getting hit in the mouth is the competition (I need)."
During the weekend visit to Alabama, Proctor met with Saban, hung out with some players and watched the Crimson Tide practice for its Sugar Bowl matchup with Kansas State. When he got back to his hotel room Saturday night, he told his mom he wanted to play at Alabama.
“He was all about going to Iowa and I just thought, ‘Are you sure? Are you sure?’” Proctor-Perkins said. “It kind of shocked me.”

The fallout from Proctor's late commitment swap generates social buzz and backlash​

Proctor committed to Saban on Sunday. Word started getting out early in the week that Proctor was potentially flipping to Alabama. The fallout brought loads of criticism as people took to social media to bash the decision. Proctor’s announcement on Twitter on Tuesday was met with a barrage of negativity from people who questioned his loyalty and motives.
“It made me feel bad a little bit but I can’t tune in to that stuff,” he said. “It’s just mind-blowing that 40-year-olds, 50-year-olds are calling me the p-word and saying ‘F-you,’ I’m going to hell and stuff like that. It’s just crazy to hear. But I don’t give in to that stuff because if they were truly an Iowa fan, then they wouldn’t have been talking about that and they would have been happy for me to be going to Alabama and representing the state.”



*****Iowa vs Michigan Game Thread*****

4pm FS1
Iowa -1.5
O/U 163.5

Iowa (11-8, 3-5) travels to Ann Arbor to square off against a shitty Michigan (7-12, 2-6) team. The wolverines are in last place in the league and 1-8 in their last nice games. Although they took it to Iowa in their first matchup in Iowa city.

Both team suck, but I give the edge to UM at home. I’m predicting a 84-76 Michigan victory.

NFC Championship Game

George Kittle and Sam LaPorta will likely* be the starting tight ends this Sunday for the NFC championship game. I'm guessing Iowa will be mentioned more than once based on George and Sam's performances so far in this postseason and coincidentally coming from the same college. Do you think the athletic department could have used this opportunity to shine some light on the program by announcing the new offensive coordinator hire in the days prior to the game? Would such an announcement have any impact on recruiting? Would it be more wise to hold off until after the game?

Just curious if others think Iowa could try to maximize the opportunity in their favor. Of course, it's possible Iowa still doesn't have a new OC ready for announcement, but if they do, it seems like the perfect time to make the announcement to the public.

*as of Wednesday Jan 24, LaPorta is listed as questionable.

Border Patrol Union Makes It Clear Some Orders Won’t Be Followed as Texas Ignores Biden’s Big Deadline

Texas is rejecting a Biden administration demand to give federal agents full access to a border park even as the union representing Border Patrol agents says it has no plans to push Texas troops out of the way even if ordered.

Throughout January, Texas and the Biden administration have dueled over Shelby Park in the community of Eagle Pass, Texas, which has been flooded with waves of illegal immigrants. Texas National Guard troops have denied federal agents access to the park, leading to a demand from the Department of Homeland Security that Texas do as DHS tells it and grant access to Border Patrol agents.

The demand gave Texas until Friday to respond and comply. Instead, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton wrote in a letter to Jonathan Meyer, general counsel for the Department of Homeland Security, rejecting the demand.

“Presumably because you have no meaningful response to our letter, your latest letter abandons earlier factual assertions, asserts new ones, and supplies even less of a legal basis for your demand. Once again, I respectfully suggest that any time you might spend suing Texas should be redirected toward enforcing the immigration laws Congress already has on the books,” Paxton wrote.

The letter shot holes in federal claims that it has rights to some areas of the park, mocking a “home-cooked map” purporting to show land the federal government owns, saying, “publicly available records suggest the United States does not even purport to own what your latest letter claims.”
The letter also explains an agreement between Eagle Pass and the federal government to access certain land was never approved by the state, as required by law, and therefore is not in effect.

“The 2018 easement, however, nowhere contemplates allowing the federal government to deploy infrastructure that President Biden will use to wave thousands of illegal aliens into a park that will ‘continue to [be] use[d] and enjoy[ed]’ for ‘recreation events,’” the letter said.

“As I said before, this office will continue to defend Texas’s efforts to protect its southern border against every effort by the Biden Administration to undermine the State’s constitutional right of self-defense. You should advise your clients to join us in those efforts by doing their job and following the law,” he wrote.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott has said Texas has a constitutional duty to respond to an invasion on the part of illegal immigrants, to which Democrats such as Democratic Reps. Joaquin Castro and Greg Casar of Texas have replied by calling for President Joe Biden to federalize the Texas National Guard and take it out of the state’s control, according to Newsweek.

Paxton said he doubts a physical confrontation will ensure, saying he expects the issue will be fought out in court, according to Fox News.

Meanwhile, the Border Patrol union posted a defiant message on X.

“Rank-and file BP agents are not going to start arresting TX NG members for following their LAWFUL orders. That's fake news. TX NG and rank-and-file BP agents work together and respect each other's jobs. Period,” the union posted.


“If TX NG members have LAWFUL orders, then they have to carry out those orders. TX NG members realize that rank-and-file BP agents have their orders as well. Lawful orders, no matter how unpopular or distasteful amongst rank-and-file agents, must be followed,” the post said.

Rank-and file BP agents are not going to start arresting TX NG members for following their LAWFUL orders. That's fake news.

TX NG and rank-and-file BP agents work together and respect each other's jobs. Period. If TX NG members have LAWFUL orders, then they have to carry out…

— Border Patrol Union - NBPC (@BPUnion) January 26, 2024

The post said liberals hoping for a Fort Sumter moment would be disappointed.

“Unlawful orders (as determined by competent legal counsel and not what some outhouse lawyer behind a keyboard says) will not be followed. Rank-and-file BP agents appreciate and respect what TX has been doing to defend their state in the midst of this catastrophe that the Biden Admin has unleashed on America,” the post said.

“We want to be perfectly clear, there is no fight between rank-and-file BP agents and the TX NG, Gov. Abott, or TX DPS. It may make flashy headlines, but it simply isn't true,” the post concluded.


*** GAME THREAD: Iowa MBB at Michigan ***

WHO: Michigan Wolverines (7-12, 2-6 Big Ten)
WHEN: 4:00 PM CT (Saturday, January 27, 2024)
WHERE: Crisler Center (Ann Arbor, MI)
TV: FS1
RADIO: Hawkeye Radio Network (Gary Dolphin, Bob Hansen)
MOBILE: foxsports.com/mobile
ONLINE: foxsports.com/live
FOLLOW: @IowaAwesome | @IowaHoops | @IowaonBTN
LINE: Michigan -1.5
KENPOM SPREAD: Iowa -1 (Iowa 85, Michigan 84; Iowa 50% chance of winning)

Things are gloomy in Iowa City for Iowa men's basketball after the Hawkeyes coughed up a winnable home game against Maryland on Wednesday. But things are even gloomier in Ann Arbor for Michigan men's basketball -- the Wolverines sit dead last in the Big Ten at 2-6 (7-12 overall) and have lost seven of their last eight games. Michigan has won just once in 2024, a 73-65 home win over Ohio State almost two weeks ago.

That said, while Michigan hasn't been winning games of late, the losses were close -- until recently. Michigan's skid started with a 2OT loss to Florida and included a 2-point loss to Minnesota, a 6-point loss to Penn State, and a 7-point loss at Maryland. The Wolverines' more recent losses have been much more lopsided -- a 15-point defeat to Illinois at home and a 32-point drubbing at Purdue.

MORE HERE:

What Do You Call a Galaxy Without Stars?

What do you call a galaxy without stars?
Earlier this month, radio astronomers announced that they had discovered the darkest galaxy ever not quite seen, a cloud of hydrogen gas resembling our own Milky Way galaxy in many respects, such as its mass and rotation, but with no stars that anyone can discern.
“What we might have here — might — is the discovery of a primordial galaxy, a galaxy that is so diffuse, it hasn’t been able to form stars readily,” Karen O’Neil of the Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia told a news conference at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society in New Orleans on Jan. 8.
That same week, a group of Spanish astronomers led by Mireia Montes, a research fellow at the Canary Islands Institute of Astrophysics, revealed the discovery of another nearly starless galaxy they called Nube, Spanish for “cloud.”
“With our present knowledge, we do not understand how a galaxy with such extreme characteristics can exist,” Dr. Montes said in a statement released by the institute. Dr. Montes is the first author of the new paper, which was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
And so, we can add “dark galaxies” to “dark matter,” “dark energy” and the other terms of darkness already in the cosmic lexicon.
Dark galaxies are entities whose stars are so sparse and faint that their light cannot be discerned other than as a thin, transparent haze that doesn’t seem to contain any stars at all. (Early on, dark galaxies were referred to as “low surface-brightness galaxies” or “ultra-diffuse galaxies,” but time and jargon march on.) As astronomers continue to probe deeper into the skies with more powerful and smarter eyes, dark galaxies have begun popping up more frequently, challenging long-held views about the formation and evolution of galaxies.

The accidental galaxy​

These dim ghosts are hard to find and even harder to study, requiring hours or days of observation to bring their visible starlight into focus. One way is to scan the heavens with radio telescopes tuned to the frequency of the interstellar hydrogen gas that pervades galaxies.
Dr. O’Neil was part of such a study, involving a variety of telescopes, of some 350 low-surface-brightness galaxies. “I mistyped the coordinates to the galaxy I intended to observe, resulting in the telescope pointing to a different part of the sky than intended,” she recounted recently in an email. The telescope landed on something she had never seen before.
“It’s a galaxy made only out of gas — it has no visible stars,” she said. “Stars could be there, we just can’t see them.”
The galaxy, known as J0613+52, is about 270 million light-years away. It is swimming amid two billion solar masses worth of primordial hydrogen that was produced in the Big Bang, but the galaxy is not forming any stars, probably because the gas is too diffuse to clump together into the clouds that become stars. Moreover, there are no galaxies nearby with a gravitational influence that could trigger such clumping.

“J0613+52 appears to be both undisturbed and underdeveloped,” Dr. O’Neil said. “This could be our first discovery of a nearby galaxy made up of primordial gas.”

A diminutive Nube​





The other new dark galaxy, Nube, is much smaller than J0613+52 but equally intriguing, Dr. Montes said.
The name was suggested by the 5-year-old daughter of her colleague Ignacio Trujillo, because the galaxy’s stars are so thinly spread across such a large volume that the collective was almost undetectable.
Dr. Trujillo was looking at some images from a strip of sky that had been recorded by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a long-running survey of the universe, when he saw a small, mysterious blur of light. After training the Gran Telescopio Canarias, currently the largest optical telescope in the world, on the faint patch of light, he concluded that it was a small galaxy. It was so transparent that he could see other, more distant galaxies behind it.
The team estimates that Nube is a dwarf galaxy only one-tenth as bright as others of its type, yet 10 times larger than other galaxies with a comparable number of stars.
“To show what this means to anyone who knows a little astronomy, this galaxy is one-third the size of the Milky Way but has a mass similar to that of the Small Magellanic Cloud,” she said, referring to a galaxy that is a satellite to the Milky Way and is visible in the Southern Hemisphere.

Invisible scaffolding​

Over the last century, beginning with work in the 1930s by Fritz Zwicky, a Bulgarian-born Swiss astronomer at the California Institute of Technology, astronomers have slowly concluded that most of the universe is composed of stuff we can’t see. The galaxies are swaddled in clouds of so-called dark matter, which outweighs the ordinary atomic matter that we and stars are made of by 6 to 1. Nobody knows what dark matter is, but its gravity is what pulls ordinary matter into clouds that light up into stars and galaxies.
The prevailing view for the last 40 years has held that dark matter comprises hypothetical, exotic particles called weakly interacting massive particles, or wimps. Leftovers from the Big Bang, wimps are invisible and slow, compared with the speed of light, and can only be detected through their gravitational effect on other objects. In computer simulations, this “cold dark matter” reproduces the large-scale structures seen in the universe, such as galaxies and galaxy clusters.
But in computer simulations of smaller-scale structures, this model of dark matter breaks; in dwarf galaxies, for instance, such dark matter should result in higher central concentrations of stars than are actually observed. Many astrophysicists attribute this discrepancy to their inability to model complex, messy phenomena like shock waves and magnetic fields — so-called gastrophysics — that prevail when atoms get close together.
Moreover, particle physicists have failed to produce or detect any of these hypothesized particles in the lab. Some scientists have proposed the existence of other versions of dark matter. Those include “fuzzy” or “warm” dark matter, composed of hypothetical, ultralight particles called axions, and even a whole “dark sector” of invisible particles and forces that would create galaxies with a different footprint.




The study of dark galaxies offers a unique opportunity to explore the origin and evolution of galaxies — and to test ideas about the dark matter that pervades them.
Because of the optical haze in Nube, Dr. Montes said, astronomers can see the shape of the dark-matter halo that underlies the dwarf galaxy. This shape — resembling a banana, cigar or surfboard — seems incompatible with the predicted behavior of cold dark matter and more in line with fuzzy dark matter. Such a conclusion would revolutionize physics and cosmology but is far from settled.
Jeremiah P. Ostriker, an expert at Columbia University on the evolution and structures of galaxies, agrees. In low-mass galaxies, he said, the cold dark matter model predicts that there should be more stars in the center of the galaxy and progressively fewer toward the edges. But other types of dark matter could clump differently, resulting in a more even distribution of starlight.
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“These new low-surface-brightness systems fit better with fuzzy dark matter than with cold dark matter,” he said in an email.
Dr. Montes and her co-authors aren’t so sure. “Although fuzzy dark matter could relieve some of the small-scale tensions appearing in the cold dark matter scenario, more work is needed to assess this model,” they wrote in their paper.
Dr. O’Neil and her team are hoping to detect visible starlight from the invisible galaxy J0613+52. Doing so would help them figure out what kinds of stars inhabit such a galaxy. “If we do not detect it, that, too, is exciting, as it will mean we have detected something whose stellar content is far more diffuse than anything seen to date,” she said.
And suppose they find nothing? At what point is something too dark even to be called a galaxy?
“This is a very interesting question,” she said. Traditionally, the term galaxy referred to a collection of stars and gas; then, dark matter was added.
“Now it seems that the need for stars may not be necessary in the definition,” she said. “This new type of object really opens up and forces us to revise the concept of what a galaxy is.”

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*** GAME THREAD: #5 Iowa WBB vs. Nebraska ***

WHO: Nebraska Cornhuskers (13-6 overall, 5-3 Big Ten)
WHEN: 1:00 PM CT (Saturday, January 27)
WHERE: Carver Hawkeye Arena (Iowa City, Iowa)
TV: Big Ten Network
RADIO: Hawkeye Radio Network
ONLINE: https://www.foxsports.com/live
MOBILE: https://www.foxsports.com/live
FOLLOW: @IowaAwesome | @IowaWBB | @IowaonBTN

Two years ago, Nebraska seemed poised to join the upper echelon of Big Ten teams. The Huskers finished 24-9 that year, made the NCAA Tournament as an 8-seed, and had an exciting young core to build around.
Then the Huskers took a step back last season. They finished 18-15 overall and missed the NCAA Tournament. Suddenly the seat was getting warm for head coach Amy Williams. She had been at Nebraska for seven seasons and only made two NCAA Tournament appearances. The Huskers hadn't gotten out of the first round in either trip. She needed a bounce back season to prove she was the right person for the job.
Thus far, Nebraska has had that bounce back season. The Huskers sit 13-6 overall, and are tied for fourth in the Big Ten at 5-3. ESPN has Nebraska projected as a 9-seed in its latest Bracketology.
In non-conference action, Nebraska's only win of note was over 13-7 Georgia Tech. The Huskers suffered losses to Creighton, TCU, and at Kansas.
In conference, Nebraska has big wins at Michigan State, and at home against Maryland and Michigan. The Huskers also lost at Minnesota, at Penn State, and lost at Indiana by 22 points.
Overall, the story of Nebraska's season thus far has been inconsistency. The Cornhuskers have big wins over the teams they're competing with for fourth in the conference, but they also have a few confusing losses that drag their resume down some.

More here: https://iowa.rivals.com/news/preview-no-5-iowa-wbb-vs-nebraska

Charles Fried, Legal Scholar Who Broke With Conservatives, Dies at 88

Charles Fried in 2011. A longtime Harvard professor who in the 1980s was a member of the Reagan administration, he came to reject the conservative legal movement’s rightward march.Credit...Brendan Smialowski/Getty Images


By Trip Gabriel
Jan. 27, 2024, 4:26 p.m. ET
Charles Fried, a conservative legal scholar who as President Ronald Reagan’s solicitor general argued against abortion rights and affirmative action before the Supreme Court — but who later rejected the conservative legal movement’s rightward march, calling the current high court “reactionary” — died on Tuesday at his home in Cambridge, Mass. He was 88.
His death was announced by Harvard Law School, where Mr. Fried taught many thousands of students beginning in 1961, among them a future Supreme Court justice, Stephen G. Breyer, and a future Massachusetts governor, William F. Weld.
Mr. Fried (pronounced “freed”) was a son of Jewish parents who fled Czechoslovakia in 1939 to escape Naziism, and whose hopes of returning home after the war were thwarted by the descent of the Iron Curtain. He traced his political conservatism both to that background and to the hard-left atmosphere prevailing at Harvard Law School in the 1970s, which, he recalled, included faculty-led Marxist study groups.
He became “quite allergic to the left,” Mr. Fried said at a law school panel last year. “And that allergy took a form where I wanted to be rather in opposition. And what better way to be in opposition than to go into the Reagan administration?”
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In 1985, as solicitor general — the White House’s representative before the Supreme Court — Mr. Fried argued that Roe v. Wade should be overturned. But he later changed his mind. As the high court’s Republican-appointed supermajority looked likely to reverse Roe, Mr. Fried wrote in 2021 in an opinion column for The New York Times, “To overturn Roe now would be an act of constitutional vandalism.”
His reasoning was that a 1992 case, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, had more firmly established the right to abortion than when he opposed it for the Reagan White House.
At the Harvard panel last year, titled “Why I Changed My Mind,” Mr. Fried said his intellectual evolution from conservative to moderate had also been shaped by conversations with his adult children and grandchildren. “We talk, and I have to listen as well as talk,” he said. “So, in the course of that, it has changed me.”
Although Mr. Fried testified in favor of the confirmation of John G. Roberts as chief justice in 2005, he became an outspoken critic of the Roberts court over its rulings limiting voting rights, labor unions and campaign finance reform, as well as its refusal to limit blatant partisan gerrymandering.
He called those decisions “reactionary, not conservative,” in the classical sense of conservatism as respect for precedent and a belief in change that is incremental and not radical.




Justice Breyer, who was appointed to the high court by President Bill Clinton and retired in 2022, suggested in a statement that Mr. Fried was willing to change his views because of his innate intellectual honesty.

“Charles loved ideas,” he said. “He would try them out on his colleagues and friends, discarding some, developing others, and always listening to the thoughts of others.”
Mr. Fried’s academic interests included how moral and political philosophy shed light on legal problems; he wrote several books on the topic, including “An Anatomy of Values” (1970) and “Right and Wrong” (1978).
A longtime Republican who for 40 years advised the Harvard chapter of the conservative Federalist Society, Mr. Fried was an especially harsh critic of President Donald J. Trump’s disdain for courts and the law, and of the Justice Department under his second attorney general, William P. Barr.
Mr. Fried and other Republican and conservative lawyers, members of a group called Checks & Balances, castigated Mr. Barr publicly for defending Mr. Trump’s attempts to obstruct the investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election and, in 2019, to pressure Ukraine — which led to Mr. Trump’s first impeachment.
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“The people who claim they’re conservatives today are demanding loyalty to this completely lawless, ignorant, foul-mouthed president,” Mr. Fried told The Times in 2019. He disclosed in The Boston Globe in 2016 that he planned to vote for Hillary Clinton.
During Mr. Trump’s second impeachment trial, for inciting an insurrection on Jan. 6, 2021, Mr. Fried joined other constitutional lawyers in a statement calling claims by Mr. Trump’s defense team that his conduct was protected by the First Amendment “legally frivolous.”

Image



Charles Fried was born Karel Fried in Prague on April 15, 1935, to Antony and Martha Fried. His father was a senior vice president at Skoda Works, a heavy machinery and arms manufacturer. The family fled to England — “with Hitler as my travel agent,” as Mr. Fried once put it — where they lived for two years before relocating to New York City in 1941.
(When the Communist government in Prague collapsed in 1989 during the Velvet Revolution, Mr. Fried joined other Western lawyers in advising the Czech government on a new constitution.)
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After graduating from the Lawrenceville School in New Jersey, he earned a B.A. in modern languages and literature from Princeton in 1956. He studied law and philosophy on a Fulbright scholarship at the University of Oxford, then graduated from Columbia Law School in 1960.
He was a clerk for Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan II and in 1961, at 26, joined the Harvard Law School faculty. Mr. Breyer was in his first class, on criminal law.
The Reagan administration recruited Mr. Fried when he was 50, partly on the strength of issue papers he had written for the Reagan campaign of 1980 about, among other things, how to voice opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment in a presidential debate.
Except for his years as solicitor general, from 1985 to 1989, and a stint as an associate justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 1995 to 1999 (he was appointed by his former student, Governor Weld), Mr. Fried spent nearly 60 years on the Harvard Law School faculty.
In 1993 while at Harvard, he argued a case before the Supreme Court, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, which set standards for expert scientific testimony in federal courts.

His survivors include his wife, Anne Summerscale, whom he married in 1959; a son, Gregory, a philosophy professor at Boston College; and a daughter, Antonia Fried, a psychologist.
Mr. Fried announced his retirement in December, though he said he planned to continue weighing in on the legal and political issues of the day.
“What do I plan next?” he said. “What I always do here, except for the classes. I write, I go to workshops, I read my colleagues’ work, I comment on it, and then I write my own work.”
That same month, in a column in The Harvard Crimson, Mr. Fried defended the university’s president, Claudine Gay, after she came under fire for her response to antisemitism on campus.
He continued to defend her after the attacks broadened to include Dr. Gay’s scholarly record. He told The Times that he discounted accusations of plagiarism against Dr. Gay because they were part of an “extreme right-wing attack on elite institutions.”
Dr. Gay resigned in January after further pressure and accusations of plagiarism.
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